The museum was established in a former Dutch fortress. It is located in front of Gedung Agung, one of seven Presidential palaces in Indonesia and the Sultan Palace.
In 1760, after the foundation of the new Kraton Ngayogjokarto Hadiningrat, the Dutch colonial regime had barracks erected on a plot close to the new palace provided by Sultan Hamengkubuwono I .Between 1765 and 1788 they extended the buildings and converted it into a fort. The original name Rustenburg became Vredeburg. The building served the Dutch colonial administration for various purposes.
In 1942, during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia, The fortress was took over by the Japanese army and made into their new headquarters and war prison. Since 1945 Fortress Vredeburg served the Indonesian Army as military command post, barracks and prison for suspected members of the communist party.
The museum comprises the complete area of the former fortress. The walls, gates, barracks, store rooms and houses has been restored to their original outward appearance. Collection of photographs, historical objects and replicas is housed in one of the former barracks. The exposition of dioramas represents the main attraction of the museum's exhibition. The original design included 93 of these showcases. When opened in 1987, 30 of them were finished. Another 18 showcases have been added until March 1996.
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